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Hard disk platters are the main storage carriers for our electronic data. The surface of these platters is coated with a magnetic substance that enables them to record data into them by reading/writing from a magnetic head, while the number of platters determines the total capacity of the hard disk.

The hard disk itself has a space limitation. How to put more platters in a certain space is a problem that technology developers are constantly exploring to solve. As a result, helium technology was introduced into the hard disk manufacturing process. Compared to air, helium is less dense and has less resistance and friction, which means that platters can be made shorter distances from each other in a helium environment, thus accommodating more platters. However, helium atoms are very small, so sealing is a challenge. However, with continued research and practice by scientists, today we can create hard drives that use helium technology and have nine platters built in.

The capacity of each platter (both front and back) is called the single-disk capacity, and the sum of all the platters is the total capacity of the hard disk. When the rotational speed is kept constant, the higher the capacity of a single disk, the higher the storage density of the hard disk, which results in an increase in the amount of data swept by the magnetic head per unit of time, thus increasing read and write speeds.

Hard disks come in two main exterior sizes, 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch. 2.5-inch hard disks are typically used in laptops, while 3.5-inch hard disks are used in industry-standard equipment.

Regarding the way data is stored in hard disks, the traditional magnetic recording technology, also known as CMR, is to be mentioned here.In CMR hard disks, the magnetic tracks are parallel with a small gap between each track. They act as "tracks" for the magnetic heads to store data while the hard disk is in operation.

The RPM of a hard disk, or the speed at which the platters rotate, is an important parameter in determining the performance of a mechanical hard disk. A higher RPM reduces the average wait time of the hard disk and increases the internal transfer speed of the hard disk.

Data transfer speed is the speed at which the hard disk reads and writes data, and includes several factors to be considered, such as the transfer interface, platter capacity, hard disk RPM, read head response speed, hard disk status, usage, file size, number of files, and computer environment.

Setting up "cache space" in the hard drive is to temporarily store random data, so that the system can reorder and optimize the random data before writing it to the hard drive, which can improve the write performance of the hard drive.

MTBF is an important metric for evaluating the reliability of a hard disk, known as Mean Time Between Failures, which is the average time between two adjacent failures.

Finally, I would like to mention a technology called FC-MAMR, which is a special magnetic energy control-microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) technology whose main purpose is to increase the density of magnetic recording and reduce the total cost of ownership by influencing the angle of rotation of the magnetic flux to make the energy assist more concentrated.

*** Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) ***